Mary MacKirdy, was the niece of Mrs Margaret Black, founder of the West End School of Cookery. She was born on the 11th May 1874 and achieved her diploma from the West End School in September 1894, with both the Scotch Education Department and the Glasgow School Board granting assessments for her training. She taught cookery at the West End School of Cookery from 1895, becoming its Principal on Margaret Black’s death in 1903.

When the West End School of Cookery amalgamated with the Glasgow School of Cookery in 1908, to form The Glasgow and West of Scotland College of Domestic Science, the Miss Ella Glaister became Principal, however Mary MacKirdy remained as part of the teaching staff. She was a head teacher in cookery, specialising in the Article 55 students, the Provincial Committee students who were supplementing their elementary teaching qualification. She kept abreast of the growing subject of Domestic Science, on the whole, and gave well attended public lectures and worked with Ministry of Labour classes. She was a published writer of articles and books on cookery including the College publication "Recipes for You".

Her younger sister Miss Janet MacKirdy was also on the teaching staff and they both shared a house, first at 191 Renfrew Street, then latterly at 9 Park Quadrant. In June and July of 1926 Mary was granted two months leave of absence to visit the United States and Canada, with a view to furthering her knowledge by visiting schools and colleges in these countries. Janet was also granted one months’ leave, June, to travel with her sister and her remit was labour saving and modern household devices.

Mary MacKirdy was made a Fellow of the Educational Institute of Scotlandin 1935. She resigned from the College on the 9th of September 1937, after 42 years of service. On leaving she wasthe longest serving member of staff. She went on to become a Nutrition Supervisor for the Community Service in Scotland at the age of 63 years. A College prize, in appreciation of her work and service was given in her name for Article 55 students. This was presented by Mrs Black, of Kirkcaldy, who had previously given the Mrs Margaret Black Memorial Prize in 1925. The prize was first presented in 1938.

Mary MacKirdy was very much involved with the Bridgeton's Women's Institution, holding the position of Convener, and devoting much of her time to settlement and club work in Bridgeton. When this organisation ceased to function a gift of £200 from it's remaining funds was gifted to the College in December 1950. This money was used for educational purposes in the field of social sciences and was known as the Bridgeton's Women's Institution Fund.

Mary MacKirdy died in 1957.

MacQuarrie was a Labour Councillor who represented Glasgow City Council during the organisation of Mandela's visit to Glasgow in 1993 and was instrumental in the renaming of St George's Place to Nelson Mandela Place in 1986.

MacQuarrie has been Chaplin to Glasgow University since 2001.

Born Nomzamo Winifred Madikizela on September 26, 1936, in Bizana, a rural village in the Transkei district of South Africa, Winnie Mandela eventually moved to Johannesburg in 1953 to study at the Jan Hofmeyr School of Social Work. South Africa was under the system known as apartheid, where citizens of indigenous African descent were subjected to a harsh caste system in which European descendants enjoyed much higher levels of wealth, health and social freedom.

Winnie completed her studies and, though receiving a scholarship to study in America, decided instead to work as the first black medical social worker at Baragwanath Hospital in Johannesburg. A dedicated professional, she came to learn via her field work of the deplorable state that many of her patients lived in.

In the mid-1950s, Winnie met attorney Nelson Mandela, who, at the time, was leader of the African National Congress, an organization with the goal of ending South Africa's apartheid system of racial segregation. The two married in June 1958, despite concerns from Winnie's father over the couple's age difference and Mandela's steadfast political involvements. After the wedding, Winnie moved into Mandela's home in Soweto. She became legally known thereafter as Winnie Madikizela-Mandel.
Nelson Mandela was routinely arrested for his activities and targeted by the government during his early days of marriage. He was eventually sentenced in 1964 to life imprisonment, leaving Winnie Mandela to raise their two small daughters, Zenani and Zindzi, single-handedly. Nonetheless, Winnie vowed to continue working to end apartheid; she was involved surreptitiously with the ANC and sent her children to boarding school in Swaziland to offer them a more peaceful upbringing.

Monitored by the government, Winnie Mandela was arrested under the Suppression of Terrorism Act and spent more than a year in solitary confinement, where she was tortured. Upon her release, she continued her activism and was jailed several more times. Then after the Soweto 1976 uprisings where hundreds of students were killed, she was forced by the government to relocate to the border town of Brandfort in 1977 and placed under house arrest. She described the experience as alienating and heart-wrenching, yet she continued to speak out, as in a 1981 statement to the BBC on black South African economic might and its ability to overturn the system.

In 1985, after her home was firebombed, Winnie returned to Soweto and continued to agitate against the regime even during government media bans. Her actions continued to cement the title bestowed upon her, "Mother of the Nation." But Winnie also became known for endorsing deadly retaliation against black citizens who collaborated with the apartheid regime. Additionally, her group of bodyguards, the Mandela United Football Club, garnered a reputation for brutality. In 1989, a 14-year-old boy named Stompie Moeketsi was abducted by the club and later killed.

Through a complex mix of domestic political maneuvering and international outrage, Nelson Mandela was freed in 1990, after 27 years of imprisonment. The years of separation and tremendous social turmoil had irrevocably damaged the Mandela marriage, however, and the two separated in 1992. Before that, Winnie Mandela was convicted of kidnapping and assaulting Moeketsi; after an appeal, her six-year sentence was ultimately reduced to a fine.

Even with her conviction, Winnie Mandela was elected president of the ANC's Women's League. Then, in 1994, Nelson Mandela won the presidential election, becoming South Africa's first black president; Winnie was subsequently named deputy minister of arts, culture, science and technology. However, due to affiliations and rhetoric seen as highly radical, she was ousted from her cabinet post by her husband in 1995. The couple divorced in 1996, having spent few years together out of almost four decades of marriage.

Winnie Mandela appeared before the nation's Truth and Reconciliation Commission in 1997, and was found responsible for "gross violations of human rights" in connection to the killings and tortures implemented by her bodyguards. While ANC leaders kept their political distance, Winnie still retained a grassroots following. She was re-elected to Parliament in 1999, only to be convicted of economic fraud in 2003. She quickly resigned from her post, though her conviction was later overturned.

Winnie Mandela continues to be a controversial media figure. In a 2010 Evening Standard newspaper interview, she sharply criticized Archbishop Desmond Tutu and her ex-husband, disparaging Nelson Mandela's decision to accept the Nobel Peace Prize with former South African President F.W. de Klerk. Winnie later denied making the statements. In 2012, the British press published an email that Winnie Mandela had composed, in which she criticized the ANC for its general treatment of the Mandela clan.

After her husband, Nelson Mandela, was released from prison in 1990, Winnie Mandela shared in his political activities, despite her scandalous reputation. In 1993, Winnie became president of the African National Congress Women's League, and in 1994, she was elected to Parliament. She was re-elected to Parliament in 1999, but resigned in 2003, under a new financial scandal.

Named after William Govan of Glasgow Missionary Society, Mbeki was one of the stalwarts of South Africa's struggle for freedom, and father of its president, Thabo Mbeki. A trade unionist and journalist, he was probably the longest-living senior member of the African National Congress, which he joined in 1935. He was jailed for life for "conspiracy to overthrow the South African government by violence" at the 1963-64 Rivonia trial and served 24 years on Robben Island.

During the struggle against apartheid Mbeki visited Scotland and was keynote speaker at the Sechaba Conference held in Glasgow in 1990.

McFadden was Councillor in Glasgow before becoming Leader of Glasgow Council (1980-86 and 1992-1994). She contributed to the work of the SC AAM by speaking at the NALA event which Mandela also spoke at during his visit to Glasgow to receive the Freedom of the Nine Cities in 1993.

Dorothy Humphreys Melvin was born in Glasgow in 1881. She trained at the Glasgow School of Cookery and was a member of its staff at the time of its amalgamation with The West End School of Cookery. On the 25th of July 1909 she tendered her resignation to take up a position at the National Society’s Training College, West Hampstead, London. She returned to Glasgow a year later and on the 25th of October 1910 took up the post of Superintendent and Office Secretary of the Glasgow and West of Scotland College of Domestic Science. This title was changed to Principal in April 1919.

Her job as Principal was mainly one of organisation. Initially there were about 6 subjects taught at the College, however by the end of Miss Melvin’s career this had increased to around 16 subjects.

Her role was central to the development and realisation of the new College premises at Park Drive, Glasgow, overseeing all areas of the planning, building and premises move.

Her work through two wars, showed not only that she was willing to support her country through the discipline of the College (especially in the areas of poor food supplies and economical cooking), but also that she managed to maintain the educational value of the College. She went on to offer training to the female casualties of the war years and the College trained many women for employment through difficult periods. She made the College an Institution that was aware of the needs of the community of Glasgow and the wider area of the West of Scotland.

Her educational and professional development again was exceptional. She was a member of the leading bodies in Domestic Science and she represented her subject with much public speaking and writing and was not afraid to fight for her beliefs. For her work in the College and for the general teaching of domestic subjects and the education of women in Glasgow and the West of Scotland, Dorothy Melvin was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the Coronation honours list of 1937. She was also a Justice of the Peace.

The Melvin Prize for Children’s Teaching was started in Session 1944/45. It was a prize for the Diploma student with the best children’s teaching mark. Prior to this there was a Dorothy H Melvin Scholarship. This was established under the will of Miss May J F Tolmie and the terms stated a scholarship of £30 was to be given to a student selected by the Governors and Miss Melvin. This continued into Queen’s College when the scholarship was awarded to a graduate of the College for post-diploma study which was approved by the Principal and the Governors.

Dorothy Melvin retired in December 1946 but maintained links with the College, often attending on Diploma Days. She died on the 26th of December 1963, in her home at “Oakdene”, 15 Sherbrooke Avenue, Pollokshields, Glasgow. Her death was reported in the Glasgow and Edinburgh press, in related journals of the day, and tribute was given to this great pioneer of women’s education and domestic science.

Militant, commonly called the Militant tendency, was a Trotskyist entryist group in the British Labour Party, based around the Militant newspaper launched in 1964. According to Michael Crick, its politics were influenced by Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, and Leon Trotsky and "virtually nobody else".

In 1975, there was widespread press coverage of a Labour Party report into the entryist tactics of Militant. Between 1975 and 1980, attempts by Reg Underhill and others in the leadership of the Labour Party to expel Militant were rejected by its National Executive Committee, which appointed a Militant member to the position of National Youth Organiser in 1976 after Militant had won control of the party's youth section, the Labour Party Young Socialists.

In 1982, after the Liverpool Labour Party adopted Militant's strategy to set an illegal deficit budget, a Labour Party commission found Militant in contravention of clause II, section 3 of the party's constitution which made political groups with their own "Programme, Principles and Policy for separate and distinctive propaganda" ineligible for affiliation. Militant was proscribed by the Labour Party's National Executive Committee in December 1982, and the following year five members of the Editorial Board of the Militant newspaper were expelled from the Labour Party. At this point, the group claimed to have 4,300 members. Further expulsions of Militant activists followed. Militant policies dominated Liverpool City Council between 1983 and 1987 and the council organised mass opposition to government cuts to the rate support grant. 47 councillors were banned and surcharged. The conduct of the Liverpool council led Neil Kinnock, Labour's then leader, to denounce Militant at the 1985 Party Conference. Eventually Militant's two remaining Labour MPs were prevented from being Labour candidates at the 1992 general election.

Between 1989 and 1991, Militant led the All-Britain Anti-Poll Tax Federation's non-payment campaign against the Community Charge ("poll tax"). In 1991, Militant decided by a large majority to abandon entryism in the Labour Party. Ted Grant, once the group's most important member, was expelled, and his breakaway minority, now known as Socialist Appeal, continued with the entryist strategy. The majority changed its name to Militant Labour, and then in 1997 to the Socialist Party.

On 31 October 1933, Abdul Samad Minty was born in Hartebeesfontein, Northern Transvaal (now known as Limpopo Province). In June 1958 he left for Britain to further his studies. In 1969, eleven years later, he graduated with an MSc in Economics and International Relations at the University College in London. While Minty was abroad he worked for the International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa. Between 1962 and 1995 he was the Honorary Secretary of the British Anti-Apartheid Movement. Minty played an important role in lobbying the International Olympic Committee in 1963 for the suspension of the South African Olympic Committee from the Olympics. In 1969 he published his study on the defence strategy of the apartheid government in South Africa. His publication helped the Anti-Apartheid Movement to develop a campaign for termination of the Simonstown Agreement between South Africa and Britain on the defence of the seas around Southern Africa.

After the fall of apartheid in 1994, Minty was appointed as the Deputy Director-General for Multilateral Affairs in the Department of Foreign Affairs, a position he held till 2004. He also oversaw South Africa's new membership of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) and the Commonwealth. On 12 September 2008 South Africa nominated Minty for the post of Director-General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and his nomination was endorsed by the African Union. Minty also served as a member of Troika Group until May 2009.

Mompati was the ANC Chief representative to the UK (1981-82) and became part of the delegation that opened talks with the South African government at Groote Schuur in 1990. In 1994, she was elected a member of parliament in the National Assembly. She was appointed ambassador to Switzerland from 1996 to 2000 and on her return became the mayor of Vryburg (Naledi) in the North-West Province.

She was involved in several key events throughout the SC AAM campaign, she spoke at the Scottish AAM conference in 1983, attended Mandela's Freedom of the Nine Cities Ceremony in 1993 and spoke at a dinner for Scottish delegates to South Africa in 1994.

Msimang was the ANC Chief Representative to the UK. He has been treasurer-general to the ANC since 1998. Key SC AAM events that he was involved in included advising on the Sechaba Festival and Conference in 1990 and advising on Mandela's visit to Glasgow in 1993.

Gillian Murray graduated with MA (Hons) and MSc from the University of Edinburgh and a PhD from the University of Leicester. She worked on a range of multi-disciplinary research projects with a focus on aspects of twentieth century British history and interests in gender, media and labour history.
In March 2014 Dr Murray started work at the Yunus Centre for Social Business and Health at Glasgow Caledonian University as a post-doctoral researcher on the CommonHealth research programme. Her research traced the origins of social enterprise in Scotland through the revival of the co-operative movement and pioneering community development work carried out as part of community business in Scotland. This research also sought to understand the development of connections between these socially innovative projects and health and wellbeing enhancement. The oral histories collected as part of the CommonHealth project captured the memories of practitioners who were drawn towards work in Community Business (a forerunner of Social Enterprise) and the development of their work in Scotland’s social economy from the late 1970s onwards.
Dr Murray continued her research into the history of social enterprise in Scotland, working on the Social Enterprise Collection (Scotland) project from November 2018 to March 2020 in collaboration with the Archive Centre. Through her involvement with this project further oral histories were collected and a travelling exhibition introduced the history of social enterprise in Scotland.

Naidoo was a member of Umkhonto we Sizwe the military wing of the African National Congress. He served ten years on Robben Island after being sentenced in 1963. He visited Glasgow in 1988 to accept a symbolic giant key to 'unlock' Mandela's prison door. This act marked the conclusion of the Glasgow Green Rally which was followed by a march down to London as part of the Freedom at 70 campaign.

National Party (NP), in full National Party of South Africa, Afrikaans Nasionale Party van Suid-Afrika (1914–39, 1951–98), also called New National Party –(1998–2005), People’s Party or Re-united National Party (1939–51), South African political party, founded in 1914, which ruled the country from 1948 to 1994. Its following included most of the Dutch-descended Afrikaners and many English-speaking whites. The National Party was long dedicated to policies of apartheid and white supremacy, but by the early 1990s it had moved toward sharing power with South Africa’s black majority.

J.B.M. Hertzog founded the National Party in 1914 in order to rally Afrikaners against what he considered the Anglicizing policies of the government of Louis Botha and Jan Christian Smuts. In 1924, after mild attempts to relax the colour bar, the Smuts government was defeated by a Nationalist-Labour coalition led by Hertzog, who in two terms sought to further emancipate South Africa from British imperial control and to provide greater “protection” for the whites from the black Africans and for the Afrikaners from the British. From 1933 to 1939 Hertzog and Smuts joined a coalition government and fused their respective followings into the United Party. Some Nationalists, led by Daniel F. Malan, however, held out and kept the National Party alive and, in 1939, reaccepted Hertzog as their leader in a reorganized opposition party known as the Re-united National Party, or People’s Party (Herenigde Nasionale Party, or Volksparty). The new party was weakened by wartime factionalism; and Hertzog and others with Nazi sympathies eventually walked out and formed the Afrikaner Party (1941).

The Re-united National Party returned victoriously in the 1948 elections and subsequently enacted a mass of racial legislation that was designed to preserve white supremacy in South Africa; the National Party named its policy “apartheid.” The party went on to consolidate its power, absorbing the Afrikaner Party in 1951. It renamed itself the National Party of South Africa (1951) and gradually augmented its control of the House of Assembly—from 73 seats in 1948 to 134 seats (81 percent) in 1977. The party was led successively by Daniel F. Malan (1948–54), Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom (1954–58), Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd (1958–66), John Vorster (1966–78), P.W. Botha (1978–89), F.W. de Klerk (1989–97), and Marthinus van Schalkwyk (1997–2005). The National Party also broke South Africa away from the Commonwealth, making it a republic in 1961. From the premiership of Vorster on, the National Party attempted what it termed an “enlightened” (verligte) policy on the race question; but this meant hardly more than speeding up the formation of black “homelands” and alleviating—selectively—some of the apartheid policies found inconvenient to general economic and cultural development.

In 1982 much of the party’s right wing broke off in opposition to the granting of limited political rights to Coloureds (those of mixed descent) and Asians (primarily Indians) and formed the Conservative Party. Under de Klerk’s leadership from 1989, the National Party began taking steps away from apartheid and toward a constitutional arrangement that would allow political representation to the country’s black African majority. To this end, many repressive laws were repealed and black anti-apartheid political organizations were legalized. In 1992 a referendum called by de Klerk won a strong endorsement of the party’s reform policy and led to negotiations with the African National Congress (ANC) and other minority parties toward a new constitution. The National Party was defeated in South Africa’s first multiracial elections, held in April 1994, but remained a significant presence in Parliament, winning 82 seats. The party subsequently joined in the government of national unity formed by the ANC; it was awarded six cabinet posts, and de Klerk, along with Thabo Mbeki of the ANC, became deputy president of South Africa.

In June 1996 the National Party left the national unity government—its first time out of government since 1948. The party sought to recast its image by changing its name to the New National Party (NNP) in December 1998. In 1999, however, its support fell, and it won only 28 seats in Parliament. The following year the party formed the Democratic Alliance with the Democratic Party and the Federal Alliance, though the NNP withdrew in 2001. Later that year the party formed a pact with the ANC, its historic foe. After several years of declining popularity, in 2005 the party’s federal council voted to disband the party.

The National Union of Mineworkers is a unique organisation in that it has a federal structure, which is comprised of area unions covering the length and breadth of Britain.

From Scotland to South Wales the NUM represents miners, past and present, working and retired, as well as supporting wherever we can their extended families.

The Union has been highly successful in representing miners who suffered greatly from chest diseases and other injuries caused by the negligence of coal industry employers.

Established in 1922 the NUS has worked tirelessly on behalf of students and students’ unions. Their campaigning work has resulted in many positive changes within higher and further education, improving the lives of thousands of students.

NUS Scotland is an autonomous body within the National Union of Students. It is the national representative body of around 500,000 students studying in further and higher education in Scotland and was formed following the merger of NUS in Scotland with the Scottish Union of Students in 1971.

John Nelson held several positions in the Scottish Committee for the Anti-Apartheid Movement, including: Scottish Committee Secretary, he sat on the Board of Directors for SECHABA Festivals Ltd. As of 2016 he still holds the position of Secretary for ACTSA Scotland, successor organisation to the Anti-Apartheid Movement.

NATO’s essential purpose is to safeguard the freedom and security of its members through political and military means. It promotes democratic values and encourages consultation and cooperation on defence and security issues to build trust and, in the long run, prevent conflict. NATO is committed to the peaceful resolution of disputes. If diplomatic efforts fail, it has the military capacity needed to undertake crisis-management operations. These are carried out under Article 5 of the Washington Treaty - NATO’s founding treaty - or under a UN mandate, alone or in cooperation with other countries and international organizations.

Nujoma was the first president of independent Namibia (1990-2005). In the 1950s he helped found the Ovamboland People's organisation, the forerunner of the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO). In 1960 he was named president of SWAPO during it's founding year, he stepped down from this position in 2007.

In 1987 he visited Glasgow and spoke at the City Chambers.

Open Aye was established by Becky Duncan as a social enterprise in 2010 and was given Community Interest Company status in 2017. Open Aye was established to produce photos and videos for third sector organisations across Scotland and for use in multi-media marketing. Its aim was to ensure accurate portrayals of issues, people and places, in order to tell engaging stories which could help positively influence social change. The key objective of Open Aye was to represent all, especially those who are often unheard, or mis-represented. Open Aye also runs participatory photo projects, or Social Action Research Projects, that act as either therapeutic programmes or issue based, advocacy projects.
Becky Duncan is a professional photographer, trained participatory facilitator and human rights enthusiast. She has an Honours degree in Film & Media / Documentary from Stirling University and a PDA in Professional Photography & Digital Imaging from Glasgow Metropolitan College. Becky worked for 7 years as a media strategist and planner on ad campaigns in London and Glasgow, working across big budget brands such as Guinness, Smirnoff, Louis Vuitton & Moet Hennessy, at Carat UK, London. In 2002 she moved away from doing commercial media strategy to more third sector based campaigns, at Feather Brooksbank Ltd, Edinburgh. She concentrated on charity and Scottish Governmental campaigns including Racism Awareness, Alcohol Awareness, Drugs Misuse Prevention, Organ Donation. In her time in advertising she was in the Drum magazine's "30 under 30", she was a finalist in the Fresh Young Media Person of the Year and previously she was part of a client / creative / media team which won a Marketing Society for Scotland Award for Excellence - Non Profit Sector, for their work on a charity. Becky Duncan had many years of experience of voluntary work within Glasgow, with refugee support organisations, resulting in extensive training in citizen analysis, communication strategies, humanitarian education, and assisting vulnerable groups. On becoming freelance, her first commission was from the Scottish Social Enterprise Coalition to document fourteen social enterprises across Scotland in 2009. Becky Duncan Photography Ltd was established in 2010 with Open Aye as a subdivision of the company, providing participatory projects. The two amalgamated and became Open Aye Ltd in 2016 and Open Aye C.I.C. in 2017, with Becky Duncan as Director and sole employee. The registered office address is Studio 228 The Briggait, 141 Bridgegate, Glasgow, Scotland.
Open Aye produced photos and videos for over 170 third sector clients in Scotland, between 2009-2019 and documented the social enterprise movement in Scotland. Issues covered have included diversity, housing, health & wellbeing, recovery, human rights, sectarianism, environmental stewardship and conservation. Advocacy campaigns have been used in the print & broadcast media, showcased within the Scottish Parliament and around local communities in museums, galleries, libraries, schools & shopping centres, including an exhibition of ‘10 years of social enterprise work’ at the Social Enterprise World Forum, Edinburgh, in 2018. Open Aye tackles a wide range of issues and topics through photography, including housing and homelessness, refugee issues, mental health, drugs recovery and LGBTQI ensuring that they are more appropriately represented in media communications and decision making processes.
Open Aye facilitates projects on behalf of charity partners, engaging with groups who do not often have a voice in traditional media. Participants are given cameras, skills, inspiration and a platform to tell their own stories and suggest solutions to a range of social issues. Open Aye works with specialist organisations to recruit participants and ensure they are supported on an on-going basis. Participatory project clients have included The British Red Cross, Scottish Natural Heritage, Shelter Scotland, Forestry Commission Scotland, Scottish Refugee Council, Aberlour Guardianship Service, Youthlink Scotland, Glasgow Association of Mental Health, Southside Housing Association, Govanhill Housing Association, Woodlands Trust, Healthy & Happy Development Trust, Central Scotland Green Network, Pavement Magazine, West of Scotland Regional Equality Council, Planning Aid for Scotland, and Photovoice. Teaching materials created by Open Aye participants have been used by Shelter Scotland to raise awareness on housing issues. The Simple Pleasures photo project for Scottish Natural Heritage resulted in a showcase at Glasgow’s Kelvingrove Museum. Awareness materials created by young refugees have gone on to be used across Europe as part of the British Red Cross’s Positive Images programme. Open Aye website.

Oxfam is a global movement of people working towards a world without poverty. Oxfam's work is rooted in a vision of a world where women and men are valued and treated equally, able to influence the decisions that affect their lives and meet their responsibilities as full citizens. Oxfam's goals put local communities and the voices of poor people at the centre of change. Their goals are: to help people claim their right to a better life; to champion equal rights for women; to save lives no and in the future; to safeguard global food supplies; to help people claim a fairer share of natural resources and to increase money for basic services.

Essop Pahad is the Former Minister in the Presidency of Republic of South Africa from 1999 to 2008. Previously he had been involved with the African National Congress and the South African Communist Party.

He came to Glasgow in 1986 to rename Nelson Mandela Place and was present at the dinner for the Scottish delegation to South Africa in 1994.

Grace Chalmers Paterson was born on 25 July 1843 at 130 Hope Street, Glasgow, daughter of Georgina and Walter Paterson, a merchant. In 1875, at the age of 32 years, now living at 8 Claremont Terrace, Glasgow, Grace joined the first Ladies’ Executive Committee for the establishment of the Glasgow School of Cookery, becoming its Honorary Secretary (effectively Principal of the school), and was recognised as the driving force behind the school. Her role as Principal was on a supervisory level and she fought and succeeded to introduce cookery and domestic economy to the teaching curriculum of Scottish schools. She was one of the first two women elected to the Glasgow School Board in April 1885.
Grace was an active campaigner for education and womens’ issues, a member of the Association for the Higher Education of Women. She retired in 1908 and moved to Edinburgh, where she died on November 1925 at the age of 82 years. Her obituary in the Glasgow Herald stated “A convinced and active suffragist, she also believed in women and their capacity both of original work and for organising and directing the work of others. She desired for women equal pay and equal moral standards, and her friendly interest was warmly appreciated by women in the teaching profession.”

John Pearce was born on 23rd March 1942 in Truro, Cornwall. He studied at Cambridge University and the London School of Economics graduating with a BA (Hons) and a diploma in Social Administration in 1963 and 1965 respectively. Between 1963 and 1971 he worked in community development programmes with several national and international organisations, including Tibetan refugee resettlement project with Nepal Red Cross, and as a field worker with the Young Volunteer Force Foundation in North Devon. Pearce then became the director of one of 12 Community Development Projects, a major national initiative of the Callaghan government, in West Cumbria from 1972-1976. As part of the project he formed a community based housing association; the first industrial co-operative development project in England; successful self-help initiatives with young people and the elderly; research into tourism and into local male unemployment; and the established a local information centre. His experience on this project informed his approach to developing community business upon moving to Scotland when the CDP programme was wound up. From around this time he was involved in the Industrial Common Ownership Movement (ICOM) and chaired its lending committee, ICOF.
John Pearce was appointed to the Local Enterprise Advisory Project (LEAP), based within Paisley College of Technology, in 1978 where he worked with people living in disadvantaged urban housing schemes in the west of Scotland. Pearce pioneered the concept and practice of community business in Scotland and was a founder member of Community Business Scotland (CBS, which later became CBS Network Ltd). He became General Manager of Strathclyde Community Business (SCB) in 1984. SCB was the major development agency for community businesses in the west of Scotland providing information and advice, development support, training and financial assistance. From 1991-2010 he worked as a community enterprise consultant and researcher, continuing to manage development projects, run social accounting training sessions and to write on community enterprise in the UK, Australia, New Zealand and India. He wrote several books including "Social Enterprise in Anytown" published by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in 2003.
John Pearce died on 12 December 2011.

Roy Norman Pedersen was born in Ardrossan, Ayrshire, on 29 November 1943. The family moved to Aberdeen in 1948 where Pedersen graduated from the University of Aberdeen with an MA in Geography and Economic History. He spent a brief spell in London where he worked for the civil service and created and published the first Gaelic map of Scotland. He then moved to Inverness and in 1971 began working for the Highlands and Islands Development Board (HIDB). Early in this career, he was the original architect of the concept of Road Equivalent Tariff (RET), the distance-based ferry charging system. In 1978 Pedersen was appointed as Social Development Officer, assisting with the pioneering Community Co-operative Scheme. The programme offered support and funding for the establishment of community co-operatives and enabled the creation of over a hundred self-sustaining community owned enterprises throughout the Highlands and Islands. In 1987, Pedersen was promoted to Head of Social Development, and continued to work in that post with HIDB successor, Highlands and Islands Enterprise (HIE), until 1993. Between 1994 and 1997 he was seconded as Development Director of Comunn na Gàidhlig, supporting revival of the Gaelic language.
On retirement from HIE in 2001 he founded Pedersen Consulting, specialising in regional economic and cultural development in transport, heritage, Gaelic, community and social enterprise sectors. Pedersen has written and spoken on a variety of issues connected with the history, present and future development of the “New Scotland” and its wider international setting. His published works include non-fiction, such as ' Who pays the ferryman? The great Scottish ferries swindle" (Birlinn, 2013) and "Gaelic guerrilla: John Angus Mackay: Gael extraordinaire" (Luath Press, 2019), fictional murder mysteries, and map translations into Gaelic, Welsh, Old Norse and Scots. Pedersen served as an elected SNP Highland councillor from 2007 to 2012 and chaired several bodies including HI-Arts, Acair publishers, Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba (Gaelic Place-names of Scotland), and the Scottish Government’s Ferry Industry Advisory Group.

John Clifford Phillips was born in Dyfed, Wales, on 29 January 1943. He attended Llandeilo Grammar School before studying Mathematics at Aberystwyth University and graduating with a BSc in 1964.

He started his career as an engineering mathematician, later becoming a specialist in systems development. After graduating he carried out research at the Mathematics Department of the University of Glasgow. During this period he met his wife, Anne Margaret and they were married in 1967. That same year he took up a position as lecturer at Lancashire Polytechnic. After 2 years he moved to Leeds Polytechnic where he remained until 1990. Initially employed as lecturer he had a series of promotions, eventually becoming Head of the School of Mathematics and Computing in 1986 and then Dean for the Faculty of Engineering and Computing in 1987. His final post at the Polytechnic, between 1988 and 1990, was as Senior, Executive, External Development. He was responsible for the Polytechnic’s external income generation work and undertook consultancy work in Brunei, Guyana, Tanzania, Hong Kong and China, mainly in training needs analysis and institutional management. After leaving Leeds Polytechnic he worked as a freelance consultant before taking on the role of Principal of The Queen’s College, Glasgow, in February 1991.

His management experience equipped him to lead the College through a difficult period of uncertainty culminating in merger with Glasgow Polytechnic in 1993 to become Glasgow Caledonian University. John Phillips was appointed Vice-Principal of the new University.

Formed in 1998 from a merger between Price Waterhouse and Coopers & Lybrand, PwC has a history in client services that dates back to the nineteenth century. Both accounting firms originated in London during the mid 1800s. Today, PwC serves 26 industries. Their industry-focused services in the fields of assurance, tax, human resources, transactions, performance improvement and crisis management have helped resolve complex client and stakeholder issues worldwide. They also apply their expertise and talents to help educational institutions, the federal government, non-profits and international relief agencies address their unique business issues.

The Academic and Professional Standards Committee was formed following the introduction of the Central Institutions (Scotland) Regulations (1988) the Governing Body when the academic structure of the College was re-organised into faculties. It was responsible for the maintenance and enhancement of academic standards on courses being offered by the College and examining the feasibility of proposals for new courses in terms of academic content, physical resources and staffing. It oversaw the work of the Validation Panels and Credit Accumulation and Transfer Sub-committee and was responsible for monitoring the appointment of external assessors by the Faculties.
Membership included Principal; Vice-Principal; Deans of Faculty; Head of Quality Assurance Unit; 4 Course Leaders (2 nominated by each faculty); 4 Teaching staff (2 elected from each faculty); 1 representative of the Academic Council; 2 Student members appointed by the Student Representative Council; co-opted members as required.

The Academic Council was constituted according to the terms of the Central Institutions (Scotland) Regulations (1972). The function of the Academic Council related to the overall planning, coordination, development and supervision of the academic work of the College subject to the general control and direction of the Governing Body. The Academic Council met for the first time on 20 February 1973.

Originally membership consisted of: Principal (Chairman of the Council); Vice-Principal; Librarian; Heads and Associate Heads of Departments six members elected from full-time academic staff, four co-opted members including two students (nominated by the Student Representative Council) and another student as an observer. Elected and co-opted members served for four years and were eligible for re-election on expiry of their term of office. Elections took place in January of the year where an election fell, with the first in January 1979.

The Council usually met on a monthly basis during term time with extraordinary meetings being called to deal with particular items of business. The Chairman of the Council, in consultation with the Clerk to the Council, was responsible for drawing up the Agenda for a meeting, ensuring that all competent business was included, and that members were notified. The Chairman also had to verify the accuracy of the minutes, to sign them, and ensure that they were kept.

The Academic Council appointed a number of Standing Committees including:
-Research and Staff Development Committee
-Course Committees
-Course Development, Validating and Monitoring Committee
-Assessment Boards
Some of these committees had the power to set up sub-committees. Each committee was responsible to the Academic Council for its work and the minutes of their meeting were presented to the Academic Council for review.

There were also Advisory Committees which had no executive responsibilities but provided advice to the Academic Council and senior management. The Advisory Committees included:
-Senior Management Advisory Group
-Learning Resources Advisory Committee
-Library Advisory Committee
-Staff/Student Affairs Committee
-Computer Users’ Committee

Following the introduction of the Central Institutions (Scotland) Regulations (1988) the Governing Body was required to set up a new Academic Council to sit from 1 April 1990 to reflect the new academic structure of the College. Membership of the new Academic Council would include: Principal; Vice-Principal; Head of Faculty, Health Studies; Head of Faculty: Management Studies; Chief Librarian; President of SRC; 4 elected teaching members of staff; co-opted members including the chairmen of the 3 major College Committees (Research and Staff Development; Academic and Professional Standards; and Central Services) and one non-teaching member of staff.

The Standing Committees and Advisory Committees also changed at this time to reflect the new academic structure and needs of the College. The standing committees included:
-Two Faculty Boards, of Health Studies and Management Studies (with subcommittees: Course Committees; Assessment Boards; Course Planning Committees; Course Review Committees)
-Academic and Professional Standards Committee (with subcommittees: Validation Panels; Credit Accumulation and Transfer)
-Research and Staff Development Committee (but with Funding Sub-committee and Research Degrees Committee).
The Advisory committees were:
-Appeals Review Committee
-Ethics Committee

Course Development, Validating and Monitoring Committee

The Course Development, Validating and Monitoring Committee (shortened to Course Development Committee in 1982) was responsible for encouraging the development of new courses, examining the feasibility of proposed courses and appointing a Course Planning Committee responsible for developing adopted courses. Each stage of course planning and validation had to be approved by the Committee and it was also responsible for monitoring progress of existing courses.

Membership was as follows: Principal; Vice-Principal; Secretary and Treasurer; Heads and Associate Heads of Departments; Senior Librarian; Senior lecturer, Learning Resources Centre; up to five other members elected from the academic staff, up to four members, with appropriate experience, from outwith the College; one student representative appointed by the Student Representative Council. The Academic Council elected the Chair of the Committee who would serve no longer than three years. Appointed members would serve for not more than two years but could be re-appointed without a break in service. Appointments were made in September unless a vacancy occurred.

Course Planning Committees

The Course Planning Committees were responsible for examining in detail and reporting on the feasibility of the proposed course in terms of likely student demand, employment, development and cultural opportunities and resources required. The committees drafted each stage of submissions for the Scottish Education Department and external validating bodies for approval by the Course Development, Validating and Monitoring Committee.

The membership of each Course Planning Committee was approved by the Course Development, Validating and Monitoring Committee. Expertise from outwith the College could be co-opted to the committee. Each committee would cease to function once the course was finally approved and in operation.

Course Committees

The Course Committees were responsible for advising the Course Leader on the organisation and administration of the course, keeping it under review during the period of approval, to make recommendations for changes in the course scheme and to produce a course handbook for the information of students and staff.

The membership of a Course Committee consisted of the members of the complementary Assessment Board, including the External Assessors, plus two students from each year of the course. The Course Leader, appointed by the Academic Council, would chair the committee, which would meet at least once each term.

Assessment Boards

Members of Assessment Boards for each course were appointed by the Academic Council and approved by the Course Development Committee. They were responsible for ensuring that the course assessment regulations, laid down by the Academic Council, were adhered to. They had to ensure that appropriate arrangements were made for examinations and assessments, review students’ performance and draw up results lists.

Research and Staff Development Committee

The Committee was responsible for reviewing the expertise of staff in light of any changes in the academic work of the college. It would make recommendations regarding staff development to the Academic Council to ensure the skillset would be able to meet future development plans. The committee would arrange appropriate in-service training and create an environment to encourage staff research and development activities. The Committee would advise on the development of research activities that were worthy of support by the College.

Membership was as follows: Principal; Vice-Principal; Secretary and Treasurer; Heads and Associate Heads of Departments; Senior Librarian; Senior Lecturer, Learning Resources Centre; up to five other members elected from the academic staff, up to two members, with appropriate experience, from outwith the College; one student representative appointed by the Student Representative Council. The Academic Council elected the Chair of the Committee who would serve no longer than three years. Appointed members would serve for not more than two years but could be re-appointed without a break in service. Appointments were made in September unless a vacancy occurred.

Senior Management Advisory Group

The Senior Management Advisory Group acted as an informal forum for the discussion of College matters and to advise the Principal.

Membership consisted of: Principal; Vice-Principal; Heads and Associate Heads of Departments; Senior Lecturer, Learning Resources Centre; Senior Librarian; Secretary and Treasurer; and other staff invited to meetings as appropriate.

Staff/ Student Affairs Advisory Committee

The Staff/ Student Affairs Advisory Committee acted as a forum for discussion of matters of interest, including: complaints and queries, reviewing induction procedures, compilation of student welfare guides. Meetings were held at least one per month.

Membership consisted of: 1 staff member from each Course Committee, serving no longer than three years; 1 student member from each Course Committee; President of the Student Representative Council (SRC); two members appointed by the SRC.

Library Advisory Committee

The Library Advisory Committee advised the Senior Librarian on matters of general library policy and operation, including; the selection of publications; implications for the library of new courses and changes in courses.

Membership consisted of: Principal; Vice-Principal; Secretary and Treasurer; Senior Librarian; Assistant Librarians (when appropriate); Senior Lecturer, Learning Resources Centre; one representative of each Head or Associate Head of Department; two students nominated by the Student Representative Council; persons from outwith the College may be co-opted for specific purposes.

Computer Users’ Committee

The Computer Users’ Committee would encourage staff and students to use the computing facilities for teaching, research and administrative purposes. It would make recommendations to the Research and Staff Development Committee on forward plans for staffing equipment and accommodation with estimates and costs and on matters relating to the College computing facilities.

Membership consisted of: Chairman (appointed by the Research and Staff Development Committee); Vice-Principal; two representatives nominated by each Head or Associate Head of Department; Senior Lecturer, Learning Resources Centre; Senior Librarian; two nominees of the Secretary and Treasurer; up to four co-opted members (including at least one student user).

When the Glasgow School of Cookery was amalgamating with the West End School of Cookery to become one institution, it was decided to set up an Association in order to resolve disputes about representation on the new Board of Governors. A meeting was held on 19 December 1907 to launch the new Association and adopt the Articles of Association which had been framed by the two schools and approved by the Scotch Education Department. The Association was named The Glasgow and West of Scotland College of Domestic Science and was incorporated under the Companies Acts 1862 to 1900 as an Association limited by Guarantee.

The Association was formed of up to 500 subscribed members, who were responsible for the election of a governing body. Initially there were 247 subscribers who paid the fee of £1: 1s to become registered members of the Association. The Memorandum and Articles of Association cite Dr P Rottenburg, Mr T F Donald, Mr G B Hoggan, Miss I Gray, Mrs M Cowan, Miss E Donnal, Miss A McCall Anderson, Mr A C Scott and Mr H Carvick Webster as witnesses on 14 May 1908. Interested potential members were required to write a letter of application and pay the membership fee. New members were read out at the Governors’ meetings for approval. By 1975 the membership fee was £1.05 and by 1980 a membership application form had to be completed with payment of the fee. These applications were considered at the Annual General Meeting (AGM) when current members would elect the new members.

The business of the Association was managed by a Governing Body. Ordinary (or Annual) General Meetings of the Association were held once a year when the Treasurer’s Accounts and Report of the Governing Body were presented to the members. Elections were held to select Governors to replace those at the end of their rotation, re-elect the Auditor and approve new members. Any other important business relating to the College was also dealt with at the meeting. The Chairman of the Governors presided as chair at the meetings of the Association. The AGM was held in December/January until 1962 when it moved to April/May. Extraordinary General Meetings could be called at any time when the Association was required to make decisions on major issues concerning the College. The Secretary and Treasurer of the College was responsible for the administration of the Association.

The Association had a Common Seal which was used on official documents. These also had to be signed by the College Secretary and at least two of the Governors on behalf of the Association.

The Central Academic Services Committee was set up by the Academic Council in September 1982, mainly as a response to comments made in the Institutional Review Report. It's role was to advise the Academic Council on policy issues related to the development of the Library, Learning Resources Centre, Computer Centre, non specialist teaching rooms and the Student Advisory Centre. It oversaw the work of the sub-committees and working groups relating to the services serving the academic sectors of the College.

It's members included the Principal; Vice-principal; Secretary and Treasurer; Director, Computer Centre; Senior Lecturer, Learning Resources Centre; Chief Librarian; Student Counsellor; four elected members of the academic staff; two representatives of the technical and administrative staff; two student members.

The sub-committees included:
-Library sub-committee
-Learning Resources sub-committee
-Computer Services sub-committee
The first meeting of the Committee was held on 15 February 1983.

The Course Development, Validating and Monitoring Committee (shortened to Course Development Committee in 1982) was a Standing Committee of the Academic Council. It was responsible for encouraging the development of new courses, examining the feasibility of proposed courses and appointing a Course Planning Committee responsible for developing adopted courses. Each stage of course planning and validation had to be approved by the Committee and it was also responsible for monitoring progress of existing courses.

Membership was as follows: Principal; Vice-Principal; Secretary and Treasurer; Heads and Associate Heads of Departments; Senior Librarian; Senior lecturer, Learning Resources Centre; up to five other members elected from the academic staff, up to four members, with appropriate experience, from outwith the College; one student representative appointed by the Student Representative Council. The Academic Council elected the Chair of the Committee who would serve no longer than three years. Appointed members would serve for not more than two years but could be re-appointed without a break in service. Appointments were made in September unless a vacancy occurred.

The Governing Body managed the business of the Association. The first Governing Body was a Board of Governors made up of 27 members elected and approved by the Association at the Annual General Meeting. Nine women and twelve men were elected from the Association and another six were nominated members, representatives from local School Boards, Councils and The Merchants House of Glasgow.
The Governors held office for 3 years on a rotational basis where one third of them would retire from office each year. General Meetings of the Governors were held 4 times a year and the Chairman of the Governors was elected at the December meeting. The Chairman would hold office for 1 year but could be re-elected without a break in service.

Chairmen of the Board of Governors of the College:
-Dr Paul Rottenberg, 1908-1915
-Sir Samuel Chisholm, 1915-1923
-Sir Andrew Hislop Pettigrew, 1924-1942
-Mr Osbourne R Hatrick, 1942-1946
-Mr John F Carson, 1946-1953
-Mr A I MacKenzie, 1953-1965
-Mrs Margaret B Cross, 1965-1968
-Mrs Barbara H Quaile, 1968-1971
-Mr George C Parker, 1971-1980
-Ian Hutchison, 1980-1988
-Eric Miller, 1989-1990
-Celia Urquhart-Logie, 1990-1993

The Governors dealt with the affairs of the College through a series of appointed Committees, each managing different aspects of the work of the College. At the Governors’ meetings the minutes of all the appointed Committees which had met since the last Governors meeting were discussed, along with finance and any other business relating to the College. The membership of each committee was confirmed and listed in the minutes of the Governors’ meeting following the Annual General Meeting (AGM) of the Association.

The first committees were: Governors; Property and Finance; Housewifery; Cookery; Laundry and Dressmaking; and Educational Methods. Some of the committees also had sub-committees and special sub-committees could be formed to deal with particular tasks. In 1912 a Buildings Committee was introduced to manage the building of new premises at Park Drive. This was disbanded in 1919 but re-instated in 1934 to manage the building of the extension at Park Drive. In the 1930s the Playing Fields and Science committees were established. The arrival of a new Principal, Isobel Gibson, in 1947 brought new ideas and retirement of staff members initiated a re-organisation of staff and the administration structure. The Cookery Committee, Housewifery Committee, Laundry and Dressmaking committee and their respective sub-committees were abolished and replaced by a Technical Committee. At this time a Hostels committee was also established to manage the student residences.

By January 1960 Educational Methods Committee and Science committee were abolished, although the Committees had not sat for some time before that. In 1969 the committees changed again with Governors; Educational and Technical; Hostels and Student Welfare; Buildings and Property; Conditions of Service replacing previous committees.

In 1972 an Academic Council was instituted according to the terms of the Central Institutions (Scotland) Regulations (1972). The Academic Council discharged the functions of the Governing Body relating to the overall planning, coordination, development and supervision of the academic work of the College. The Academic Council met for the first time on 20 Feb 1973.

When the Central Institutions (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 1974 were introduced the Board of Governors was replaced by a Governing Body. It had its first meeting on 26 June 1974. There were thirty Governors in total: Principal, Vice-Principal; President of the Student Representative Council (SRC); six elected by and from the Members of the Association; seventeen appointed Governors (two appointed by the Secretary of State) from Local Authority Councils, Academic Institutions, Business Associations, SRC, etc; four co-opted by the Governors. When the Local Authorities merged to form Strathclyde Regional Council in 1976 the representation of local authorities on the Governing Body decreased, giving it a greater emphasis on the business community and student employers. Other Committees were introduced in the 1970s including: Social and Recreational; Publicity; Centenary Celebrations.

In 1980 a Staffing Committee and Finance and General Purposes Committee were formed. Following the introduction of the Central Institutions (Scotland) Regulations 1988 a new Governing Body was structure was brought in, reducing the number of Governors. The new Governing Body met for the first time in January 1989. When the College merged with Glasgow Polytechnic in 1993 to become Glasgow Caledonian University all the committees were disbanded. The final meeting of the Governing Body was held on 25 March 1993 and to mark the occasion a formal dinner was held afterwards in the Park View Suite (the College’s hospitality suite). Each of the Governors were presented with an individually engraved Royal Stuart bowl.

The main appointed committees and dates they served:
-Governors – 1907-1974, Governing Body – 1975-1993
-Property and Finance – 1909-1969, Finance – 1969-1979, Finance and General Purposes – 1969-1993
-Housewifery – 1909-1948
-Cookery – 1909-1948
-Laundry and Dressmaking – 1909-1948
-Educational Methods – 1909-1959 (although this committee is listed in the Governors’ minutes there were no minutes for this committee after 1948).
-Building – 1912-1919, 1934-1937, Buildings and Property – 1969-1988
-Science – 1936-1959 (although this committee is listed in the Governors’ minutes there were no minutes for this committee after 1948).
-Playing Fields – 1939-1968, Social and Recreational – 1973-1976
-Technical – 1949-1968, Education and Technical – 1969-1977
-Hostels – 1949-1968, Hostels and Student Welfare – 1969-1988, Student Affairs 1990-1992
-Conditions of Service – 1969-1980, Staffing – 1980-1993
-Centenary Celebrations – 1974
-Publicity - 1975

The Research and Staff Development Committee was set up as a Standing Committee by the Academic Council in 1980. it was responsible for reviewing the expertise of staff in light of any changes in the academic work of the college. It would make recommendations regarding staff development to the Academic Council to ensure the skillset would be able to meet future development plans. The committee would arrange appropriate in-service training and create an environment to encourage staff research and development activities. The Committee would advise on the development of research activities that were worthy of support by the College.

Membership was as follows: Principal; Vice-Principal; Secretary and Treasurer; Heads and Associate Heads of Departments; Senior Librarian; Senior Lecturer, Learning Resources Centre; up to five other members elected from the academic staff, up to two members, with appropriate experience, from outwith the College; one student representative appointed by the Student Representative Council. The Academic Council elected the Chair of the Committee who would serve no longer than three years. Appointed members would serve for not more than two years but could be re-appointed without a break in service. Appointments were made in September unless a vacancy occurred.

The Queen's College, Glasgow had its origins in The Glasgow and West of Scotland College of Domestic Science (Incorporated). This institution, affectionately known as the Dough School, had been established in 1908 as the result of an amalgamation of the Glasgow School of Cookery and the West End School of Cookery and was recognised as a Scottish Central Institution in July 1909. In March 1975, its centenary year, the College received the Royal accolade and was renamed The Queen's College, Glasgow, (Queen Elizabeth II had been its patron since 1944). On 1 April 1993 Glasgow Polytechnic and the Queen's College, Glasgow amalgamated to form Glasgow Caledonian University.

The first offices of the College were at 86 Bath Street, Glasgow. In 1909 an appeal was launched to fund the construction of a new building. A site in Park Drive, facing West End Park, Glasgow (now Kelvingrove Park) was chosen and building began in 1913. When the building was nearing completion the Red Cross requested use of the building as a hospital for the duration of the war. The Governors consented and the Woodside Red Cross Hospital subsequently opened. In 1919 the Red Cross handed the Park Drive building back to the College. Between 1923 and 1934 the College's premises were extended by the acquisition of the 3 dwelling houses adjacent to the Park Drive building. In the 1970s the Park Drive campus was further extended and in September 1975 a new building was completed and opened.

The purpose of the College was to provide training for teachers of domestic science for schools and to provide instruction to the general public (and domestic servants). The latter were allowed to study for diplomas in single subjects such as needlework or cookery, but from 1910 diplomas were only awarded for complete courses.

During the First World War advice and training was provided for the military and civil authorities in the area of catering. Public demonstrations where given to help people to cook on rations and to give advice on how to cope generally with food shortages. From 1919 the College provided Ministry of Labour training courses for former war workers in cookery, laundry and housework and for war widows in dressmaking. The College also acted as a central training place for unemployed girls under the schemes of the Central Committee for Women’s Training and Employment.

In 1925-26 a course began for sister tutors and dieticians, aimed mainly at trained nurses and intending dieticians. The course included the subjects of physiology, hygiene, biology and bacteriology along with cookery, laundry and some book keeping. Courses in this field developed into certificates and diplomas and eventually to postgraduate diplomas and certificates in dietetics. From the 1920s the College purchased electrical equipment and classes in electrical housecraft and electrical repair were introduced. Students studying for certain College diplomas had to follow a course covering the work of the Electrical Association of Women (EAW) certificate examinations.

During the Second World War the College undertook similar advisory and training functions as it had done during the previous war. Mary Andross (1895-1968), Head of the Science Department, excelled in the development of vitamin C and with fruit and vegetable preservation. A Canteen in St Enoch Station, Glasgow was built and equipped by subscriptions raised by the staff and students, and it was also staffed by them.

Post war teaching at the College consisted of three main areas; home economics (the new name for domestic science), dietetics and institutional management. In the 1960s the Scottish Education Department decided that central institutions should concentrate on providing training at a high level and consequently, from the 1967-68 session, the College only offered diploma and post diploma courses. Lower level courses were abandoned or passed on to the new further education colleges. Following the renaming of the College the range of subjects offered widened and this in turn opened the College up to male students. The level of teaching also developed and at the time of its merger with Glasgow Polytechnic in 1993, ten degree courses were on offer.

In 1976 the Council for National Academic Awards (CNAA) approved the College's first degree course, a BSc in Dietetics, which ran in collaboration with Paisley College of Technology. Over the next few years several medical teaching schools were transferred to the College. In 1982, following the amalgamation of the physiotherapy schools, a BSc in Physiotherapy was introduced. In 1984 the Orthoptics School previously located at the Glasgow Eye Infirmary was transferred to the College. The Radiography School transferred from the Royal Beatson Memorial Hospital in January 1989, offering a diploma and later degrees validated by the College of Radiographers. In 1990 the Glasgow School of Chiropody and the Glasgow School of Occupational therapy joined the College and soon degree courses were established. In 1987 the BSc Dietetics became the BSc in Human Nutrition and Dietetics and was made the sole responsibility of Queen's College, Glasgow. In 1982 the Council for National Academic Awards approved a degree in home economics. In 1985 a BA in Catering and Accommodation Management was established and in 1991 a BA in Hospitality Management was added.

In 1986 the Governors set up a company, QCG Enterprises Limited. The aim of the company was to market the skills and expertise of the College's staff and also education materials and products emerging out of the College's research work.

From July 1909 the College was recognised as a Scottish Central Institution. The original structure of the Governing Body was 21 Governors, elected from the Association, and 6 Governors elected from various leading bodies in Glasgow and the surroundings districts. This membership changed through time. The law firm Hill and Hoggan acted as the College’s Secretary and Treasurer from 1908 until 1972, when Mr Harry Rose took this position over completely. With the Central Institutions (Scotland) Regulations 1974, the structure of the Governors changed and the new Governing Body provided representation from many diverse areas, all of which had an interest or involvement in the College. These new arrangements contained a sharply reduced degree of representation by local councillors and emphasis moved showing an increase in members from the business community and other employers of students. It also included the wider membership of college student representatives, teaching staff and the Senates of Glasgow and Strathclyde Universities. Changes to nominated members occurred again for session 1976-77 to cater for the new local authority restructuring and the establishment of Strathclyde Region. The composition of the Governing Body was again considered in 1989 and 1991. By virtue of The Central Institutions (Scotland) Regulation 1972 an Academic Council was formed in 1973 and apart from senior members of staff, it included six elected rank and file members. It dealt with a range of academic matters.

The Principals of the College over the years were Miss Ella Glaister (1908-1910), Miss Dorothy Melvin (1910-1946), Miss Isobel Gibson (1947-1962), Miss Juliann Calder (1963-1976), Dr Geoffrey Richardson (1976-1991) and Dr John Phillips (1991-1993).

In 1910 Ella Glaister was responsible for the establishment of the "Glasgow Cookery Book", which still remains a popular publication.

The RCG is a Marxist-Lennist organisation that exists to defend and develop an anti-imperialist trend within Britain, based on the long-term interests of the entire working class and oppressed internationally. They stand for the creation of a society organised both to meet the needs of the entire population, and to ensure the fullest possible development of every individual.

Rice was the former South Africa cricket captain who led the national team on their return from isolation. He played only three ODIs for South Africa because his career coincided with the country's sporting isolation during apartheid. At the age of 22, he had been selected for the 1971-72 tour of Australia before it was cancelled. Then at the age of 42, Rice captained South Africa in their first series after the end of isolation - to India in 1991- but was left out of their 1992 World Cup squad and did not play for his country again.

Geoffrey Alan Richardson was born in Lancashire on 27 July 1936. He graduated with an MA (Hons) in Geography from Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge in 1958. He went on to gain his teaching certificate from Exeter University in 1959, before beginning his career as a geography teacher.

He taught in primary and secondary schools in England and Australia, where he and his wife lived for 3 years. On their return to England he became a senior tutor in Ilkley College of Education, Yorkshire and his career interests developed into education management. He was awarded a diploma in Education Management from Sheffield Polytechnic in 1973. His role at the College included teaching students of environmental studies, home economics, professional studies and teaching practice as well as having overall responsibility for student welfare in the College and for a hall of residence. He was involved in education management developments at the College and began research on a part-time basis at the University of Manchester towards a masters degree in Education. He also wrote several geography textbooks at this time. He was a man of wide interests, he fished, ran 3 miles every morning and had been principal clarinettist in the Cambridge University Orchestra, continuing to play in several music societies.

Geoffrey Richardson took up the position as Principal of the newly named The Queen’s College, Glasgow, on 1 September 1976. He was the first male to take on the role at the College which had been led by women for over a century. He led the College through difficult times, upgrading the academic standards and modernising its organisational structure. He achieved this through a College Development Programme from 1977 to 1986, involving all staff in the process of change. During his time as Principal the College also expanded its syllabus and premises, including the provision of Social Work courses from 1976, the transfer of the physiotherapy schools from Greater Glasgow Health Board to the College in 1977, and the schools of the other allied health professions between 1984 and 1990. The College also achieved CNAA (Council for National Academic Awards) accreditation for its degrees and underwent an HMI (Her Majesty’s Inspectorate) inspection in May 1985. During this time Geoffrey Richardson studied towards a Doctorate in Education which he awarded by the University of Glasgow in 1980.

He resigned from the College, leaving in January 1991 to take up the position of Director of Roffey Park Management College in Sussex.

Rio Tinto is a leading global mining and metals company.

During the time of the apartheid regime there was huge controversy due to the treatment of black workers at Rio Tinto's huge Rössing uranium mine in Namibia. The company continued to operate the mine during the apartheid era in defiance of United Nations decrees— the workers were forced to live in a squalid tent camps and were paid wages that barely allowed subsistence.